
An Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam, considered by Muslims to be a prophet divinely inspired to preach.
Một nhà lãnh đạo tôn giáo, xã hội và chính trị người Ả Rập và là người sáng lập Hồi giáo, được người Hồi giáo coi là một nhà tiên tri được truyền cảm hứng thiêng liêng.
This biography of Muhammad helps you learn English through real historical stories. Explore Muhammad's impact on the world.
Muhammad was born around 570 CE in the city of Mecca, located in the Arabian Peninsula. Orphaned at a young age, he was raised first by his grandfather and then by his uncle. He grew up to be a merchant, renowned for his honesty and integrity, which earned him the nickname "Al-Amin" (The Trustworthy). Despite his success in trade, he was deeply troubled by the moral decline, idolatry, and social injustices prevalent in Meccan society, leading him to frequently retreat to the Cave of Hira for deep meditation and prayer.
In the year 610, at the age of 40, Muhammad reported receiving his first divine revelation from God (Allah) through the Archangel Gabriel. Over the next 22 years, these revelations continued and were later compiled into the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Muhammad began preaching these messages publicly, emphasizing absolute monotheism, social equality, and care for the poor. However, his teachings threatened the economic and religious status quo of Mecca's ruling elites, leading to severe persecution of him and his early followers.
To escape persecution, Muhammad and his followers migrated to the city of Medina in 622, an event known as the Hijrah, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, he established a unified Islamic community (Ummah) and successfully navigated complex political and military conflicts. In 630, he returned to Mecca victoriously and peacefully, clearing the Kaaba of idols and dedicating it to the worship of one God. By the time of his death in 632, he had united most of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam, leaving behind a lasting spiritual and political legacy that continues to shape the lives of nearly two billion Muslims today.